Vietnamese (Tiếng Việt) has six tones, although only five are used in the South.
| Tiếng Việt | Marker | Example | English Meaning | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level tone | Ngang (không) dấu | (unmarked) | ma | Ghost | |
| Rising tone | Sắc dấu | ́́ | má | Mother | |
| Falling tone | Huyền dấu | ̀̀ | mà | Which | |
| Falling rising tone | Hỏi dấu | ̉̉̉ | mả | Tomb | |
| High rising tone | Ngã dấu | ̃ | mã | Horse | |
| Low constricted tone | Nặng dấu | ̣ | mạ | Rice Seedling |
Vietnamese has twelve vowels; the six tone markers turn those twelve into 72 distinct vowels.
|
Unicode Glyph Alt+code (if any) |
0061 0041 a A Ah as in father |
0103 0102 ă Ă Eh as in am |
00E2 00C2 â Â Uh as in sofa Alt+226 Alt+194 |
0065 0045 e E Eh as in letter |
00EA 00CA ê Ê Ey as in prey Alt+234 Alt+202 |
0069 0049 i I Ee as in bee |
006F 004F o O Aw as in saw |
00F4 00D4 ô Ô Oh as in go Alt+244 Alt+212 |
01A1 01A0 ơ Ơ Uh as in mug |
0075 0055 u U Oo as in boot |
01B0 01AF ư Ư Ue as in hurry |
0079 0059 y Y Ee as in bee |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ́ |
00E1 00C1 á Á Alt+225 Alt+193 |
1EAF 1EAE ắ Ắ |
1EA5 1EA4 ấ Ấ |
00E9 00C9 é É Alt+233 Alt+201 |
1EBF 1EBE ế Ế |
00ED 00CD í Í Alt+237 Alt+205 |
00F3 00D3 ó Ó Alt+243 Alt+211 |
1ED1 1ED0 ố Ố |
1EDB 1EDA ớ Ớ |
00FA 00DA ú Ú Alt+250 Alt+218 |
1EE9 1EE8 ứ Ứ |
00FD 00DD ý Ý Alt+253 Alt+221 |
| ̀̀ |
00E0 00C0 à À Alt+224 Alt+192 |
1EB1 1EB0 ằ Ằ |
1EA7 1EA6 ầ Ầ |
00E8 00C8 è È Alt+232 Alt+200 |
1EC1 1EC0 ề Ề |
00EC 00CC ì Ì Alt+236 Alt+204 |
00F3 00D3 ò Ò Alt+242 Alt+210 |
1ED3 1ED2 ồ Ồ |
1EDD 1EDC ờ Ờ |
00F9 00D9 ù Ù Alt+249 Alt+217 |
1EEB 1EEA ừ Ừ |
1EF3 1EF2 ỳ Ỳ |
| ̉ |
1EA3 1EA2 ả Ả |
1EB3 1EB2 ẳ Ẳ |
1EA9 1EA8 ẩ Ẩ |
1EBB 1EBA ẻ Ẻ |
1EC3 1EC2 ể Ể |
1EC9 1EC8 ỉ Ỉ |
1ECF 1ECE ỏ Ỏ |
1ED5 1ED4 ổ Ổ |
1EDF 1EDE ở Ở |
1EE7 1EE6 ủ Ủ |
1EED 1EEC ử Ử |
1EF7 1EF6 ỷ Ỷ |
| ̃ |
00E3 00C3 ã Ã Alt+227 Alt+195 |
1EB5 1EB4 ẵ Ẵ |
1EAB 1EAA ẫ Ẫ |
1EBD 1EBC ẽ Ẽ |
1EC5 1EC4 ễ Ễ |
0129 0128 ĩ Ĩ |
00F5 00D5 õ Õ Alt+245 Alt+213 |
1ED7 1ED6 ỗ Ỗ |
1EE1 1EE0 ỡ Ỡ |
0169 0168 ũ Ũ |
1EEF 1EEE ữ Ữ |
1EF9 1EF8 ỹ Ỹ |
| ̣ |
1EA1 1EA0 ạ Ạ |
1EB7 1EB6 ặ Ặ |
1EAD 1EAC ậ Ậ |
1EB9 1EB8 ẹ Ẹ |
1EC7 1EC6 ệ Ệ |
1ECB 1ECA ị Ị |
1ECD 1ECC ọ Ọ |
1ED9 1ED8 ộ Ộ |
1EE3 1EE2 ồ Ồ |
1EE5 1EE4 ụ Ụ |
1EF1 1EF0 ự Ự |
1EF5 1EF4 ỵ Ỵ |
Vietnamese has 26 initial consonants and 8 final consonants; ch counts as a separate consonant, and sorts as such (like Spanish). Some (noted below) are implosive at the beginning of words, some are plosive at the end. Initial nh is palatalized (as is the Spanish enya, ñ). th is partially palatalized, as the tongue is laid flat against the palate but the y part is left off. Final t is glottalized (t’), and the breath is never released after final consonants.
|
Unicode Glyph |
0062 0042 b B B as in bad (Implosive before some vowels) |
0063 0043 c C K as in kill (Used only before i, e, ê and y) |
(0063+0068) (0043+0068) ch Ch Ch as in chop |
0064 0044 d D Z as in zoo (North) Y as in you (South) |
0111 0110 đ Đ D as in dog (Implosive before some vowels) |
0067 0047 g G G as in go |
(0067+0068) (0047+0068) gh Gh G as in go (Used only before i, e, ê and y) |
(0067+0069) (0047+0069) gi Gi Z as in zoo |
0068 0048 h H H as in hat |
006B 004B k K K as in kill |
(006B+0068) (004B+0068) kh Kh Ch as in ach (high German) or Loch (Scottish), but often turned into ‘k’ in everyday speech. |
006C 004C l L L as in life |
006D 004D m M M as in man |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Unicode Glyph |
006E 004E n N N as in not |
(006E+0067) (004E+0067) ng Ng Ng as in singer |
(006E+0067+0068) (004E+0067+0068) ngh Ngh Ng as in singer (Used only before i, e and ê) |
(006E+0068) (004E+0068) nh Nh Ny as in canyon (Spanish ñ) |
(0070+0068) (0050+0068) ph Ph Ph as in phone |
0071 0051 q Q Qu as in queen |
0072 0052 r R Z as in zoo |
0073 0053 s S S as in sun |
0074 0054 t T T as in stop |
(0074+0068) (0054+0068) th Th T as in tot |
(0074+0072) (0054+0072) tr Tr Ch as in chop |
0076 0056 v V V as in van |
0078 0058 x X S as in sun (sometimes Sh as in shine) |
|
Unicode Glyph |
0063 c K as in stack |
0063+0068 ch Ch as in butch |
006D m M as in spam |
006E n N as in can |
006E+0067 ng Ng as in spring |
006E+0068 nh Ng as in spring |
0070 p P as in stop Plosive; as in bắp cải |
0074 t T as in tot |
|---|
Results open in new tab or window.
Courtesy of Vdict.com
See also “Computerization of National and Ethnic Scripts: Country Report—Vietnam,” found at: http://www.cicc.or.jp/english/hyoujyunka/mlit4/7-15vietnam/8-15.html.
A new Unicode font is available. You can get it here: http://scripts.sil.org/Gentium_design.
|
|
|
Main web site: http://www.pauahtun.org